Introduction of a solar bubble dryer (SBD). A Solar-Bubble-Dryer (SBD) is an innovative solar drying technology that utilizes a transparent plastic enclosure to harness solar energy for efficient dehydration and preservation of agricultural produce. It creates a controlled environment, capturing sunlight to generate heat and facilitating the drying process while maintaining product quality.
Open sun drying is very common in many parts of Nigeria. While this method is effective in reducing moisture content and extending the shelf life of the vegetables, there are some health and environmental concerns. Sun drying is often done on the ground or on mats, which does not provide adequate protection against contamination from dirt, dust, insects, and animals. Additionally, exposure to open air increases the risk of microbial contamination and mould growth, which can impact the safety and quality of the preserved vegetables.
Introduction of a solar bubble dryer (SBD). A Solar-Bubble-Dryer (SBD) is an innovative solar drying technology that utilizes a transparent plastic enclosure to harness solar energy for efficient dehydration and preservation of agricultural produce. It creates a controlled environment, capturing sunlight to generate heat and facilitating the drying process while maintaining product quality. The SBD offers advantages such as cost-effectiveness, faster and more uniform drying, protection from contaminants, and reduced reliance on fossil fuels. It promotes sustainability by utilizing renewable energy and is particularly beneficial in regions with ample sunlight and limited access to electricity, contributing to food security and sustainable agriculture.
The faster drying times achieved with the SBD allow farmers and entrepreneurs to process larger quantities of produce in less time. This increases their overall productivity and efficiency, enabling them to meet market demands, take advantage of favourable pricing, and expand their businesses. The Solar Bubble Dryer can dry 1 ton of any of these products per batch and more, depending on the water content of the product:-
Tomatoes take 3-4 days (to attain the recommended moisture content of 7-8%).
Onions - 2 days
Okro -1 full sunny day of at least 8 hours.
Pine apple - 3 days.
Mushroom - like Okro.
Pepper - 3 days
Irish potatoes - 4 days.
Grains (rice) - after parboiling (to attain moisture content of 12-14% (from 48%) - 12 hours, etc.
DARE reported higher-quality dried produce compared to traditional drying methods. The controlled drying environment and protection from contaminants result in better colour, flavour, texture, and nutrient retention in the dried goods. This improves marketability and consumer acceptance of the products. The SBD provides an opportunity for small-scale farmers and entrepreneurs to add value to their agricultural produce. By being able to preserve and sell dried goods, they can access new markets, command higher prices, and generate additional income. This contributes to their economic empowerment and livelihood improvement. DARE reported that the users of the SBD benefit from reduced energy costs as solar energy is used for drying instead of relying on fossil fuels or grid electricity, which is hardly available. The SBD harnesses a readily available and free energy source, resulting in long-term cost savings and improved profitability. The use of SBDs in rural or off-grid areas supports community development by providing access to affordable and sustainable drying technology. It empowers farmers and local entrepreneurs, creates employment opportunities, and strengthens the local economy.
SBD technology fits very well with food safety laws and programs. With the persistent threat of Lassa fever, diarrhoea, and food poisoning, technologies like this fit into proffered solutions. Also, the ETP and renewable energy policy provide cover for the solution.
For the deployment of the solution, local government permits may be necessary. However, there is a need to ensure that the traditional customary leaders are also sensitized to the working of the solution and its benefits
A unit of the SBD costs between $4500 to $7500 depending on several factors such as size, capacity, design, materials used, fright-transport and location. Solar-Bubble-Dryer (SBD) technology is scalable. It can be designed and implemented in various sizes and capacities to suit different drying needs and production volumes. The scalability of the SBD allows for flexibility in accommodating the requirements of small-scale farmers, larger agricultural operations, or community-level drying facilities.
The size of the SBD can be adjusted based on the available space, the quantity of produce to be dried, and the desired drying capacity. Multiple SBD units can be installed in parallel to increase the overall drying capacity and accommodate higher production volumes.
Additionally, the scalability of the SBD extends beyond its physical size. It can also be adapted to cater to different agricultural commodities, such as grains, fruits, vegetables, herbs, and spices. The drying parameters, such as airflow control, temperature settings, and ventilation, can be customized based on the specific drying requirements of different crops.
The ability to scale the SBD technology makes it suitable for a wide range of applications, from small-scale farming operations to community-level drying facilities, allowing for efficient and scalable drying solutions for various agricultural contexts.
Once installed, the SBD requires ongoing management and maintenance. This can be handled by a smaller team or even a single person depending on the scale of operation. The responsibilities include monitoring the drying process, adjusting airflow and ventilation as needed, performing routine cleaning and maintenance tasks, and troubleshooting any issues that may arise. This can be done by a dedicated operator or by involving the farmers or entrepreneurs who use the SBD as part of their daily activities.
To get Solar-Bubble-Dryers (SBDs) working effectively in Nigeria, key actions include conducting research and assessment, providing policy and regulatory support, offering capacity building and training, establishing pilot projects and demonstration sites, and exploring financing and funding options. Collaboration and partnerships between government agencies, agricultural organizations, research institutions, and the private sector are crucial. Monitoring and evaluation systems should be implemented to assess impact and identify areas for improvement. By taking these steps, Nigeria can create an enabling environment for SBD adoption, leading to improved agricultural practices, reduced food waste, and increased economic opportunities.
What to do next; support DARE to gain access to appropriate financing mechanisms, such as low-interest loans, grants, or dedicated funding programs for renewable energy and agricultural development. This can help address the financial barriers associated with SBD implementation. Collaboration between government agencies, development organizations, financial institutions, and the private sector is essential to mobilize the necessary support and financing to accelerate SBD deployment in Nigeria.